Buying solar and what it costs

Solar panel cost in Maryland: what changes the price

Written by the Soleil Energy Corp Team Last updated Editorial guidelines

Three plain folders and a small solar panel sample on a wooden table by a window.

The median solar panel cost in Maryland for residential systems installed in 2025 was $4.0 per watt before incentives, according to Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (Berkeley Lab).1 At that price, an assumed 8.4-kilowatt home system comes to $33,600, or $30,240 at the U.S. median of $3.6.23 The federal homeowner credit doesn’t apply to systems finished after 2025.4

How much do solar panels cost per watt in Maryland?

Berkeley Lab’s installation data put the Maryland median at $4.0 per watt of direct-current (DC) capacity for systems installed in 2025, before incentives and in 2025 dollars.1 The national median for comparable systems was $3.6.2 Berkeley Lab hasn’t published 2026 prices, so read both as last year’s market.

Two cautions about the Maryland figure. Berkeley Lab prints a state’s median only when the data holds at least 20 systems there, so Maryland’s number can rest on a small sample. And the lab warns that a single large installer with unusual prices can pull a state’s median around.1 Treat the $4.0 as a marker, not a promise.1

The statistics cover host-owned, stand-alone residential systems. The owner bought the system, with cash or a loan, and no battery is paired. Leases and power purchase agreements aren’t counted. The price is the up-front price before any incentive, and it includes loan fees that the installer passes through.5

The first table is Maryland. The second holds national and modeled figures, included only for comparison.

Maryland price basis Per watt (DC) What it measures Source
Maryland, all payment types $4.0 Median, 2025 installs, 2025 dollars Berkeley Lab1
U.S. or modeled price basis (not Maryland) Per watt (DC) What it measures Source
United States, all payment types $3.6 Median, 2025 installs, 2025 dollars Berkeley Lab2
United States, known cash purchases $3.0 Median, systems whose payment type is known with high confidence Berkeley Lab2
United States, known loan-financed $4.5 Median, same subset; loan fees are inside the price Berkeley Lab2
United States, top 100 installers $2.4 to $6.3 Range of each installer’s own 2025 median, excluding apparent outliers Berkeley Lab6
United States, modeled benchmark $3.25 Modeled regional installer, first quarter 2024, 2024 dollars National lab report7
Median installed price per watt, 2025 installsSource: 12
View the data as a table
U.S. or modeled price basis (not Maryland)Per watt (DC)
United States, all payment types$3.6
United States, known cash purchases$3.0
United States, known loan-financed$4.5
United States, modeled benchmark$3.25

Rows without a single number are not drawn: United States, top 100 installers.

Published averages disagree because they measure different things: a median of installed prices, a modeled benchmark, a marketplace quote, or a price with the federal credit already subtracted. Find the row above that matches your quote before you compare. Any page that still shows a Maryland price after a 30 percent federal credit is out of date, because that credit ended: the statute stops it for expenditures made after 2025.4

What does a whole house cost at three sizes?

Total cost follows system size in kilowatts, and size follows electricity use and roof space. Bedroom count doesn’t set it, so a price quoted by bedrooms is a guess. Berkeley Lab reports a median U.S. residential system of 7.7 kilowatts in 2025, with most between roughly 5 and 12 kilowatts.8

Illustrative calculation, not a quote and not a Soleil project. Run October 2026. Each total is a system size multiplied by a sourced price per watt, so the tables show how size and price basis move the total. No customer or roof is behind them.3

Input Value and source or assumption
Household use 944.49 kilowatt-hours (kWh) per month, the 2025 average for Maryland residential customers in the U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA) survey. It averages all housing types statewide, so it isn’t one house.9
Production 1,377.9 kWh per kilowatt of DC capacity per year from a PVWatts model run on October 17, 2026. Model point in Silver Spring, latitude 38.9907, longitude -77.0261; fixed roof mount, tilt 20 degrees, azimuth 180 degrees, 14 percent system losses, DC to alternating-current (AC) ratio 1.2.10
Modules 400 watts each, an assumption. No brand and no customer roof.
Sizes 8.4 kilowatts (21 modules) sized from household use, which gives a modeled first-year output of 11,575 kWh; 5 and 12 kilowatts as the rough ends of the 20th to 80th percentile range in the national data.83
Price per watt (DC) $4.0 (Maryland all-payment median), $3.6 (U.S. all-payment median) and $3.0 (U.S. cash-purchase median), all before incentives. Only the $4.0 is a Maryland figure.12
Incentives None included. No federal credit applies, and no Maryland rebate is subtracted.

Totals before incentives:

System size (DC) Maryland median, $4.0 per watt U.S. median, $3.6 per watt (not Maryland) U.S. cash-purchase median, $3.0 per watt (not Maryland)
5 kilowatts $20,000 $18,000 $15,000
8.4 kilowatts (21 modules) $33,600 $30,240 $25,200
12 kilowatts $48,000 $43,200 $36,000
Illustrative gross system cost by size and price basisSource: 123
View the data as a table
System size (DC)Maryland median, $4.0 per wattU.S. median, $3.6 per watt (not Maryland)U.S. cash-purchase median, $3.0 per watt (not Maryland)
5 kilowatts$20,000$18,000$15,000
8.4 kilowatts (21 modules)$33,600$30,240$25,200
12 kilowatts$48,000$43,200$36,000

Berkeley Lab prints each median to one decimal, so a printed $4.0 can hide a few cents either way.1

Don’t price a financed quote against the cash column. The $3.0 column is a U.S. cash-purchase figure with nothing Maryland-specific in it.2 A quote that includes a loan can land closer to the loan-financed figure, because loan fees are folded into the up-front price.2 Compare a Maryland quote with the Maryland column, and use the cash column only for a quote that’s paid in cash.

What moves the price of a Maryland system?

Eight things: system size, equipment, roof condition, electrical work, permits and utility paperwork, how you pay, add-ons such as a battery, and taxes. Equipment is the smaller share. Berkeley Lab puts soft costs and other balance-of-system costs together at roughly 80 percent of the 2025 median installed price, across residential and non-residential systems.11

Driver How it moves the price What the source says
System size More panels raise the total. Bigger systems aren’t clearly cheaper per watt in the 2025 data. Berkeley Lab found economies of scale “not especially evident” among residential systems installed in 2025, and notes that earlier studies showed clear effects.12
Equipment Modules and inverters are a minority of the price. In a national model, modules and inverters were $0.40 and $0.37 of $3.25 per watt.7
Roof condition Roof work can sit inside the price. Reported prices “may include other ancillary items” such as electrical or roofing work.5
Electrical work Panel or service work, if the house needs it, adds cost. The Maryland Energy Administration (MEA) lists “Electrical work, if required for solar installation” among costs its rebate can discount.13
Permits and utility paperwork Fees vary by county. A state cap starts in 2027. See the permit and interconnection notes below.1415
How you pay Loan-financed prices run higher than cash prices in the data. Berkeley Lab: loan fees may be rolled into the up-front price.2
Battery add-on A paired battery raises the total price. Among 2025 cash purchases, paired solar and storage had a median $2.1 per watt higher than solar alone. About 80 percent of that pricing data comes from California.16
Taxes Maryland law exempts solar energy equipment from the sales and use tax and solar energy property from real property tax, as the statutes define those terms. See the incentives section below.1718

A national model shows where the money goes, and soft costs are its largest single line. The components are rounded and may not add to the printed total.

Component (U.S. model, not Maryland) Per watt (DC)
Modules $0.407
Inverters $0.377
Balance of system $0.627
Installation labor $0.217
Soft costs $1.647
Total printed in the report $3.257
Where a modeled U.S. residential system's cost goesSource: 7
View the data as a table
Component (U.S. model, not Maryland)Per watt (DC)
Modules$0.40
Inverters$0.37
Balance of system$0.62
Installation labor$0.21
Soft costs$1.64
Total printed in the report$3.25

That is a modeled regional installer in the first quarter of 2024, in 2024 dollars, not a Maryland price or a Soleil Energy price.7

Permit fees

Chapter 353 (House Bill 1532, the Utility RELIEF Act) says that beginning August 1, 2027, a county or municipality may not set a permitting fee above $500 for permits issued by solar permitting software for a residential rooftop solar system within the size limit the Act sets.14 A third-party payment processing charge can be added on top. The enrolled bill prints that size limit two ways, 20 kilowatts and 30 kilowatts of AC capacity, and the Department of Legislative Services’ summary describes 20.14 Your county or city permit office sets the actual fee, and the fiscal note says available information indicates most counties and municipalities already charge less than $500.14 Ask your permit office whether your system and permit type fall under the cap.

Utility interconnection fees

Under the Code of Maryland Regulations (COMAR) section 20.50.09.05, a utility may charge a small-generator interconnection request fee only for a Level 2, Level 3 or Level 4 request, and it must specify the fees in its tariff.15 A home inverter system of 20 kW or less goes through Level 1 under section 20.50.09.08(B), so that rule lists no request fee for it.19 Other tariff charges can still apply. Pepco’s Maryland tariff, for example, sets a $231 residential interconnection fee plus a $6.86 per-application charge under Rider MCAM-S, and both are recalculated each program year.20 Your contractor files the application, so ask whether those charges are inside your quote. Our Pepco interconnection guide and BGE interconnection guide cover each utility’s process, and every Maryland utility publishes its own tariff.21

The rules themselves have been in flux. The Public Service Commission (PSC) put emergency regulations in place on May 12, 2026, and the State Documents emergency table lists them as expiring October 10, 2026.22 That date has passed. A permanent version was proposed in the Maryland Register on September 18, 2026, with comments through October 19. It leaves paragraphs A through C of regulation .05 unchanged and adds a paragraph D requiring a utility to invoice non-tariff fees, including study fees and upgrade cost payments, within 30 days of a signed agreement.22 As of the October 16 Register, the proposal had not been adopted and no adoption notice had run. The Register says that when emergency status expires, a regulation reverts to its original text.22 Check the newest Register issue and the PSC’s RM 94 docket for what happened next, and ask your utility in writing which version of the rules and which fee schedule it applies to your application.

Why do two quotes for the same house differ?

Installers price differently even in one market. Berkeley Lab found that the top 100 residential installers had median prices from $2.4 to $6.3 per watt in 2025, ignoring apparent outliers at either end.6 For a single installer, the middle 60 percent of projects typically span $1 to $2 per watt.6

Here is an illustrative example of how a gap can hide. The assumption is that both quotes cover the same 8.4 kilowatts. Quote A is $33,600, or $4.0 per watt. Quote B is $30,240, or $3.6 per watt. Quote B looks cheaper until you read it: it leaves out an electrical panel upgrade and passes permit fees through to you. Add those lines back and the gap could shrink or flip. Neither quote is a real offer, and the totals reuse the table above.3

Put every quote on one basis before you compare:

  1. Divide the total price before incentives by the system size in watts.
  2. Confirm the same system size and the same module and inverter ratings.
  3. List what each quote includes: roof work, panel or service work, permit and utility fees, monitoring and any battery.
  4. Separate the cash price from any financed price, and find out whether loan fees sit inside it.
  5. Note which incentives each quote assumes and who claims them. The IRS says the federal credit doesn’t apply to expenditures made after 2025, and an expenditure counts as made when installation is completed.4
  6. Get the estimate in writing, and read what the signed agreement actually binds the installer to.

Our guide on how many solar panels a house needs explains how size is set, and the solar scams guide lists payment red flags.

Which tax rules and rebates still lower the price?

The federal credit is gone: the IRS says it doesn’t apply to expenditures made after 2025.4 Maryland still exempts solar equipment from sales tax and solar property from real property tax, as the statutes define them.1718 The Maryland Energy Administration’s Maryland Solar Access Program (MSAP) adds an income-limited rebate of $750 per kilowatt of DC capacity, up to $7,500.13

Item What applies Source
Federal Residential Clean Energy Credit Ended. The statute stops it for expenditures made after December 31, 2025, and the IRS says paying early doesn’t preserve it when installation finishes later. Internal Revenue Service (IRS), page updated July 4, 20264
Maryland sales and use tax The tax doesn’t apply to a sale of solar energy equipment, as the statute defines it. A tax professional can confirm how it treats other equipment. Tax-General Article, section 11-23017
Maryland real property tax Solar energy property isn’t subject to real property tax, except as section 8-240 provides. Tax-Property Article, section 7-24218
Maryland Solar Access Program rebate MEA’s announcement requires an approved reservation before installation, a household under the income limits and a contractor on MEA’s participating contractor list. Applications are due by 3:00 p.m. Eastern on May 31, 2027, or earlier if funds are fully requested. MEA, announcement issued July 29, 20261323

MEA publishes the MSAP participating contractor list, so check any contractor against it before you count on the rebate. Ask any installer whether it is on the program’s contractor list. Our guide on the Maryland Solar Access Program covers the steps, and the Maryland solar incentives guide lists the rest. Net metering shapes what a system saves, not what it costs.

What does solar cost per kilowatt-hour?

Price per kilowatt-hour spreads the system price over the electricity it makes. The National Laboratory of the Rockies, formerly the National Renewable Energy Laboratory, modeled a 2024 national residential benchmark at 14.6 cents per kilowatt-hour in 2024 dollars, without the federal credit.24 It’s a model with financing assumptions, not a Maryland price or your electric rate.

Price per watt is what you pay for capacity. Price per kilowatt-hour also depends on how much the system produces, how long it lasts and how it’s financed, so the two numbers answer different questions.

When won’t these numbers fit your house?

The medians and models above can sit well away from your real price, and some leave out whole kinds of homes and deals. Check each case below against your own quote before you lean on any single figure, and treat a case that fits you as a reason to get a site-specific number.

  • Leases and power purchase agreements. Berkeley Lab leaves third-party-owned systems out of its price statistics, so none of these prices describe a lease or a power purchase agreement.2
  • Newer prices. The data cover 2025 installs. Prices for 2026 aren’t published yet and may differ.
  • Roof work and a battery. The main medians exclude paired batteries, and roof work may or may not sit inside a reported price.516
  • Your roof and shade. The production figure comes from a model at one Silver Spring point. Direction, tilt, shade and weather change real output.10
  • Your household. The 944.49 kilowatt-hour figure averages all Maryland housing types, so your bills may point to a different size.9
  • A Maryland cash price. Berkeley Lab’s Maryland bar mixes cash and loan purchases, and the deck prints no Maryland cash-only median. The $3.0 U.S. cash figure stands in for a cash comparison and isn’t a Maryland number.12

How do you get a price for your own roof?

Only a site review gives a price for your roof. Soleil Energy doesn’t publish prices, because a fair number depends on your roof, your usage and your utility. The free consultation looks at your roof’s layout, age, condition and shade, your electrical panel and your electric bill, and a quote follows that review.25

Any estimate Soleil gives after that review isn’t binding until it’s set out in a signed agreement.

If the roof needs work first, the consultation says so. A battery is a separate cost, as the table above shows, and Soleil’s home battery assessment is free with no obligation.26 The solar frequently asked questions page answers common questions about the process. Bring the quote basics from the checklist above to a free consultation or call (301) 953-4140.

Solar savings and incentive eligibility depend on your roof, your usage, your utility, and your tax situation. Incentive programs change and some have limited funding. We are not tax advisors — we will review your bill with you and tell you what you may qualify for. Confirm any tax credit with a qualified tax professional.

Program rules decide who qualifies. Ask any installer whether it is on the program’s contractor list.

Sources (26)

  1. Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, U.S. Distributed Solar and Storage 2026 Data Update, slide 37, state-level installed prices, host-owned stand-alone residential systems installed in 2025, 2025 dollars, https://eta-publications.lbl.gov/sites/default/files/2026-08/distributed_solar_storage-2026_data_update_final.pdf; published August 2026, chart label read from the rendered slide, read October 24, 2026. ↩ ↩2 ↩3 ↩4 ↩5 ↩6 ↩7 ↩8 ↩9

  2. Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, U.S. Distributed Solar and Storage 2026 Data Update, slide 8, installed prices for stand-alone systems, 2025, https://eta-publications.lbl.gov/sites/default/files/2026-08/distributed_solar_storage-2026_data_update_final.pdf; published August 2026, chart labels read from the rendered slide, read October 24, 2026. Cash and loan figures cover the roughly 45 percent of host-owned systems whose financing type is known with high confidence. Slide 37 notes that a state’s statistics appear only when at least 20 observations are available, and says a single large installer with anomalous prices can skew a state. ↩ ↩2 ↩3 ↩4 ↩5 ↩6 ↩7 ↩8 ↩9 ↩10 ↩11 ↩12

  3. Illustrative calculation, run October 2026 with the inputs sourced at 1, 2, 8, 9 and 10. ↩ ↩2 ↩3 ↩4

  4. Internal Revenue Service, Residential Clean Energy Credit, https://www.irs.gov/credits-deductions/residential-clean-energy-credit; page last reviewed July 4, 2026. IRS FAQ FS-2025-05, question 7 (August 21, 2025): https://www.irs.gov/newsroom/faqs-for-modification-of-sections-25c-25d-25e-30c-30d-45l-45w-and-179d-under-public-law-119-21-139-stat-72-july-4-2025-commonly-known-as-the-one-big-beautiful-bill-obbb. 26 U.S. Code section 25D(e)(8), (g)(3) and (h) as amended by Public Law 119-21 section 70506 (July 4, 2025): https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/26/25D. All read October 25, 2026. ↩ ↩2 ↩3 ↩4 ↩5

  5. Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, U.S. Distributed Solar and Storage 2026 Data Update, slides 21 and 23, definitions and methods for installed price, https://eta-publications.lbl.gov/sites/default/files/2026-08/distributed_solar_storage-2026_data_update_final.pdf; published August 2026, read October 24, 2026. ↩ ↩2 ↩3

  6. Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, U.S. Distributed Solar and Storage 2026 Data Update, slide 38, installer-level pricing differences, 2025, https://eta-publications.lbl.gov/sites/default/files/2026-08/distributed_solar_storage-2026_data_update_final.pdf; published August 2026, read October 24, 2026. ↩ ↩2 ↩3

  7. National Renewable Energy Laboratory (now National Laboratory of the Rockies), Documenting 15 Years of Reductions in U.S. Solar Photovoltaic System Costs, NREL/TP-7A40-92536, January 2025, Table A-5 and report text, record at https://research-hub.nlr.gov/en/publications/documenting-15-years-of-reductions-in-us-solar-photovoltaic-syste/ and full text at https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/2522804. Benchmark for the first quarter of 2024 in 2024 dollars, a cost estimate for a regional installer and not observed prices; figures read October 17, 2026, record page read October 24, 2026. ↩ ↩2 ↩3 ↩4 ↩5 ↩6 ↩7 ↩8 ↩9

  8. Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, U.S. Distributed Solar and Storage 2026 Data Update, slide 4, system sizing, 2025 installs, https://eta-publications.lbl.gov/sites/default/files/2026-08/distributed_solar_storage-2026_data_update_final.pdf; published August 2026, read October 24, 2026. ↩ ↩2 ↩3

  9. U.S. Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-861, 2025 final data, Average Monthly Bill, Residential sheet, Maryland row, https://www.eia.gov/electricity/data/eia861/zip/f8612025.zip; released October 7, 2026, Maryland row read October 24, 2026. ↩ ↩2 ↩3

  10. National Laboratory of the Rockies, PVWatts 8.5.0 model run, https://developer.nlr.gov/docs/solar/pvwatts/v8/; model run October 17, 2026, latitude 38.9907, longitude -77.0261, assumptions stated in the illustration. ↩ ↩2 ↩3

  11. Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, U.S. Distributed Solar and Storage 2026 Data Update, slide 35, long-term trends in installed prices and component costs, https://eta-publications.lbl.gov/sites/default/files/2026-08/distributed_solar_storage-2026_data_update_final.pdf; published August 2026, read October 24, 2026. ↩

  12. Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, U.S. Distributed Solar and Storage 2026 Data Update, slide 36, economies of scale with system size, https://eta-publications.lbl.gov/sites/default/files/2026-08/distributed_solar_storage-2026_data_update_final.pdf; published August 2026, read October 24, 2026. ↩

  13. Maryland Energy Administration, FY27 Maryland Solar Access Program Funding Opportunity Announcement, sections 2, 3, 7 and 9, https://energy.maryland.gov/residential/SiteAssets/Pages/incentives/Maryland-Solar-Access-Program/FY27%20MSAP%20Funding%20Opportunity%20Announcement%20-%20Issued%207.29.26%20v2.pdf; issued July 29, 2026, read October 25, 2026. ↩ ↩2 ↩3

  14. Maryland General Assembly, House Bill 1532 (2026), enrolled text (Chapter 353) and Department of Legislative Services fiscal and policy note, https://mgaleg.maryland.gov/2026RS/bills/hb/hb1532E.pdf; fiscal note at https://mgaleg.maryland.gov/2026RS/fnotes/bil_0002/hb1532.pdf; enrolled bill approved May 12, 2026, enrolled text and fiscal note read October 25, 2026. The permit-fee cap and the third-party payment processing charge are in Local Government Article section 1-1320 as amended by the Act. The enrolled text prints two versions of that paragraph, one with a size threshold of 20 kilowatts and one of 30 kilowatts AC; the fiscal note describes 20 kilowatts. ↩ ↩2 ↩3 ↩4

  15. Maryland Division of State Documents, COMAR 20.50.09.05 (interconnection request processing fees), https://dsd.maryland.gov/regulations/Pages/20.50.09.05.aspx; current online text (undated), read October 25, 2026. ↩ ↩2

  16. Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, U.S. Distributed Solar and Storage 2026 Data Update, slide 9, paired solar and storage prices; about 80 percent of that pricing data come from California, https://eta-publications.lbl.gov/sites/default/files/2026-08/distributed_solar_storage-2026_data_update_final.pdf; published August 2026, read October 24, 2026. ↩ ↩2

  17. Maryland General Assembly, Tax-General Article, section 11-230, https://mgaleg.maryland.gov/mgawebsite/Laws/StatuteText?article=gtg&section=11-230&enactments=false; current statute text (undated), read October 25, 2026. ↩ ↩2 ↩3

  18. Maryland General Assembly, Tax-Property Article, sections 7-242 and 8-240, https://mgaleg.maryland.gov/mgawebsite/Laws/StatuteText?article=gtp&section=7-242&enactments=false and https://mgaleg.maryland.gov/mgawebsite/Laws/StatuteText?article=gtp&section=8-240&enactments=false; current statute text (undated), read October 25, 2026. ↩ ↩2 ↩3

  19. Maryland Division of State Documents, COMAR 20.50.09.08(B) (Level 1 procedure for inverter-based facilities of 20 kW or less), https://dsd.maryland.gov/regulations/Pages/20.50.09.08.aspx; current online text (undated), read October 25, 2026. ↩

  20. Pepco, Maryland Electric Tariff, Rider MCAM-S (Maryland Cost Allocation Method, Secondary), page 64.1, determination of charges for residential interconnections, issued and effective May 1, 2026, https://www.pepco.com/cdn/assets/v3/assets/bltbb7c204688a1a6a8/blte8a580e4cc79e2c4/6abad89015d5b7d18eb100f3/9232_AND_9761_Pepco_MD_CURRENT_CLEAN_Admin_Ch_.pdf?branch=prod_alias; PDF read October 25, 2026. ↩

  21. Maryland Office of People’s Counsel, Utility Rates and Basics, list of Maryland utilities, https://opc.maryland.gov/Consumer-Learning/Utility-Rates-and-Basics; undated page, read October 24, 2026. ↩

  22. Maryland Register, Volume 53, Issue 19, September 18, 2026, Notice of Proposed Action 26-143-P, proposed amendments to COMAR 20.50.09 (RM 94), page 953, https://dsd.maryland.gov/MDRIssues/5319/Assembled.aspx; the notice gives comments through October 19, 2026, states the permanent regulations would replace emergency regulations expiring October 10, 2026, and explains that regulations revert to their original text when emergency status expires. Issues 20 (October 2, 2026) and 21 (October 16, 2026) at https://dsd.maryland.gov/MDRIssues/5320/Assembled.aspx and https://dsd.maryland.gov/MDRIssues/5321/Assembled.aspx list the proposal as pending with no adoption notice. Emergency table: Maryland Division of State Documents, Emergencies, file dated September 30, 2026, https://dsd.maryland.gov/PDF/Emergencies.pdf (entry 53:12, docket 26-003, COMAR 20.50.09.02, .05, .06 and .09 to .14, begun May 12, 2026, expiring October 10, 2026). All read October 25, 2026; no later Register issue was posted that day. ↩ ↩2 ↩3

  23. Maryland Energy Administration, Maryland Solar Access Program page, https://energy.maryland.gov/residential/Pages/incentives/Maryland-Solar-Access-Program.aspx; fiscal year 2027 page, undated, read October 25, 2026. ↩

  24. National Renewable Energy Laboratory (now National Laboratory of the Rockies), Documenting 15 Years of Reductions in U.S. Solar Photovoltaic System Costs, NREL/TP-7A40-92536, January 2025, section 5 on levelized cost of electricity and footnote 11 on the tax credit, full text at https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/2522804; January 2025 report, read October 24, 2026. ↩

  25. Soleil Energy, Residential Solar, https://soleilenergycorp.com/renewable-energy/residential-solar/; and Soleil Energy, FAQ, https://soleilenergycorp.com/faq/; undated service pages, read October 24, 2026. ↩

  26. Soleil Energy, Battery Storage page, https://soleilenergycorp.com/renewable-energy/battery-storage/; live page (undated), read October 25, 2026. ↩

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